Methodology
Scope and limitations
Most of the data on which the report is based were collected through an online questionnaire between March 2025 and June 2025. While the vast majority remain relevant, some recent developments in certain countries may not be reflected.
Reflecting the composition of EPF, the geographical scope of the Barometer extends beyond the countries of the European Union and covers Europe in a broader sense. The Barometer is based primarily on information provided by national coalitions representing countries. However, there are a few exceptions, such as constituent countries (e.g. Scotland in the United Kingdom) and regions (e.g. Flanders in Belgium).
Some of the questions required subjective responses from experts. As only one respondent per organisation completed the questionnaire (to limit the need for reconciliation), differences in the interpretation of questions may have led to variations in the answers provided, potentially affecting the comparability of results across countries.
In this context, the ranking of countries should not be interpreted as a definitive assessment of each national system, but rather as an indicative snapshot and a basis for identifying best practices and areas for improvement.